To have learning intraspecific type out-of recombination rate within the maize, i authored a couple of 50 % of-sib boards, one to having Damage and one getting Flint inbred traces. Reduction and you will Flint are a couple of maize gene pools which might be essential to own crossbreed reproduction inside the Europe . The 2 1 / 2 of-sib panels comprised a maximum of twenty four full-sib family members. The latest Reduction committee comprises 10 crosses from a central Drop inbred range (F353) which have varied Reduction maker inbreds of the Western european Reduction gene pool which were created in Europe and you can The united states. On the Flint committee a central Flint inbred range (UH007) was crossed so you’re able to 11 genetically varied Flint founder inbreds of your own European Flint breeding matter. The latest Flint originator lines result from very early maize introductions so you’re able to The country of spain as well as out-of thus-titled North Flints of France and Germany. Additionally, a few reciprocal crosses between them central Dent and you can Flint traces was indeed examined and in for every panel you to definitely cross towards the All of us Dent range B73 is actually included due to the fact a link with the us nested association mapping (NAM) people .
Here, we report on the analysis of the variation of recombination rate in 23 populations of maize using SNPs from the MaizeSNP50 BeadChip . All populations consist of doubled haploid (DH) lines obtained by in vivo haploid induction . DH lines produced with this method reflect female meiosis. Unlike F2 or RILs, DH lines have the great advantage that the genetic information of each gamete is directly observed. Our objectives were to analyze intraspecific variation for (1) GWRR and chromosome-wide recombination rate, (2) recombination landscape along chromosomes, and (3) CO interference, using high-density genetic linkage maps. We found significant differences of GWRR between individual populations as well as between Dent ? Dent versus Flint ? Flint populations, but not between the Dent and Flint gene pools in general. GWRR was not correlated with the genetic structure of the recenzja collarspace lines as inferred from admixture analysis. We analyzed the recombination landscapes in all populations and found significant differences between individual populations and between pools. Finally, we characterized quantitatively the interfering and non-interfering CO formation pathways and found a negative correlation over all chromosomes between interference intensity of pathway P1 and GWRR.
Overall performance
We constructed two half-sib panels comprising a total of 24 maize full-sib families of DH lines for the analysis of intraspecific variation of recombination rates. The full-sib families within the two panels represent the diversity of important founder lines of the European Dent and Flint germplasm, respectively (Table 1; Additional file 1). In the Dent panel (prefix CFD), all full-sib families have the same common parental line F353 which was crossed to diverse Dent founder lines. The common parent of the Flint full-sib families (prefix CFF) is line UH007, which was crossed to diverse Flint founder lines. 1 plants for in vivo haploid induction, so our maps reflect only female meioses. Details on the diversity analysis of the parental lines are given in Additional file 2.
In all crosses, the newest haploid inducer range was utilized since male moms and dad when crossed to your F
Since a first step in the analysis out of recombination, personal hereditary maps was in fact built to possess 23 out from the twenty-four populations and each of your own ten chromosomes. Chart analytics are given from inside the Table 1 with additional info inside Most document step three, additionally the over a number of marker ranks in every charts that have the raw segregation information is offered in the Extra file cuatro. In total, 39,439 SNPs of the MaizeSNP50 array could be mapped for the within least you to population. Over-all populations, as much as 33,884 COs had been present in dos,233 lady meioses and you can, on average, 11,988 SNPs was indeed mapped in a single provided inhabitants. The typical for Dent ? Drop communities (most of the CFD but CFD01) try 13,247 indicators mapped as well as Flint ? Flint communities (the CFF but CFF01 and you will CFF02) the average was nine,874. Getting society CFF05, and this composed only 34 DHs, no secure map was acquired. The amount of genetic charts varied from just one,180 centiMorgan (cM) in the people CFD05 to at least one,893 cM when you look at the CFF03 which have a mean of 1,508 ± 185 cM (mean ± fundamental deviation). The typical hereditary chart size on 10 Dent ? Reduction populations (CFD02 to help you CFD12) is actually step 1,353 ± 99 cM, since eleven genetic charts of Flint ? Flint populations (CFF03 in order to CFF15) have been, normally, expanded on step one,645 ± 154 cM. The 3 maps off crosses ranging from Dent and you may Flint moms and dads (CFD01, CFF01, CFF02) had an advanced mediocre amount of 1,570 ± 85 cM. The most significant gap from inside the a genetic map is 53.seven cM to your long-arm out of chromosome eight (7L) during the inhabitants CFF13, where zero SNPs was polymorphic involving the mothers, probably because of title-by-descent (IBD). Factual statements about genome-greater variety and you will IBD locations between mothers of mapping populations have been in A lot more document 2. Synteny and colinearity of one’s hereditary charts is actually in contrast to the latest B73 AGPv2 genome assembly. Overall, a top agreement is located, exhibiting the brand new highest consistency out of marker order all over communities, having couple exclusions as the revealed during the A lot more document 2.